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6 D. Richter et al. “The Age of the Hominin Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the Origins of the Middle Stone Age”, Nature 546 (2017): 293–296; J. G. Fleagle, Z. Assefa, F. H. Brown, J. J. Shea. “Paleoanthropology of the Kibish Formation, Southern Ethiopia: Introduction”, Journal of Human Evolution 55 (2008): 360–365.
7 H. Li and R. Durbin. “Inference of Human Population Histo ry from Individual Whole-Genome Sequences”, Nature 475 (2011): 493–496.
8 Li, Durbin. “Inference of Human Population History”; K. Prüfer et al. “The Complete Genome Sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains”, Nature (2013): doi: 10.1038/nature12886.
9 P. H. Dirks et al. “The Age of Homo Naledi and Associated Sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa”, eLife 6 (2017): e24231.
10 I. Gronau et al. “Bayesian Inference of Ancient Human Demography from Individual Genome Sequences”, Nature Genetics 43 (2011): 1031–1034.
11 P. Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”, Cell 171 (2017): 5694.
12 S. Mallick et al. “The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 Genomes from 142 Diverse Populations”, Nature 538 (2016): 201–206; Gronau et al. “Bayesian Inference”.
13 S. A. Tishkoff et al. “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans”, Science 324 (2009): 1035–1044.
14 C. J. Holden. “Bantu Language Trees Reflect the Spread of Farming Across Sub-Saharan Africa: A Maximum-Parsimony Analysis”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences 269 (2002): 793–799; P. de Maret. “Archaeologies of the Bantu Expansion”, in The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology, ed. Peter Mitchell and Paul J. Lane (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 627–644.
15 K. Bostoen et al. “Middle to Late Holocene Paleoclima tic Change and the Early Bantu Expansion in the Rain Forests of Western Central Africa”, Current Anthropology 56 (2016): 354–384; K. Manning et al. “4,500-Year-Old Domesticated Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from the Tilemsi Valley, Mali: New Insights into an Alternative Cereal Domestication Pathway”, Journal of Archaeological Science 38 (2011): 312–322.
16 D. Killick. “Cairo to Cape: The Spread of Metallurgy Through Eastern and Southern Africa”, Journal of World Prehistory 22 (2009): 399–414.
17 De Maret. “Archaeologies of the Bantu Expansion”.
18 Holden. “Bantu Language Trees”.
19 Bostoen et al. “Middle to Late Holocene”; Manning et al. “4,500-Year-Old”.
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21 Tishkoff et al. “Genetic Structure and History”; G. Ayodo et al. “Combining Evidence of Natural Selection with Association Analysis Increases Power to Detect Malaria-Resistance Variants”, American Journal of Human Genetics 81 (2007): 234–242.
22 C. Ehret. “Reconstructing Ancient Kinship in Africa”, in Ear ly Human Kinship: From Sex to Social Reproduction, ed. Nicholas J. Allen, Hilary Callan, Robin Dunbar, Wendy James (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008), 200–231; C. Ehret, S. O. Y. Keita, P. Newman. “The Origins of Afroasiatic”, Science 306 (2004): 1680–1681.
23 J. Diamond, P. Bellwood. “Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions”, Science 300 (2003): 597–603; P. Bellwood. “Response to Ehret et al. ‘The Origins of Afroasiatic,’ ” Science 306 (2004): 1681.
24 D. Q. Fuller, E. Hildebrand. “Domesticating Plants in Africa” in: The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology, ed. Peter Mitchell, Paul J. Lane (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 507–526; M. Madella et al. “Microbotanical Evidence of Domestic Cereals in Africa 7000 Years Ago”, PLoS One 9 (2014): e110177.
25 I. Lazaridis et al. “Genomic Insights into the Origin of Farming in the Ancient Near East”, Nature 536 (2016): 419–424; Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”.
26 Lazaridis et al. “Genomic Insights”; Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”; V. J. Schuenemann et al. “Ancient Egyptian Mummy Genomes Suggest an Increase of Sub-Saharan African Ancestry in Post-Roman Periods”, Nature Communications 8 (2017): 15694.
27 T. Güldemann. “A Linguist’s View: Khoe-Kwadi Speakers as the Earliest Food-Producers of Southern Africa”, Southern African Humanities 20 (2008): 93–132.
28 J. K. Pickrell et al. “Ancient West Eurasian Ancestry in Southern and Eastern Africa”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 111 (2014): 2632–2637.
29 Pagani et al. “Ethiopian Genetic Diversity”.
30 Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”.
31 L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, F. Cavalli-Sforza. The Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity and Evolution (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995).
32 M. Gallego Llorente et al. “Ancient Ethiopian Genome Reveals Extensive Eurasian Admixture Throughout the African Continent”, Science 350 (2015): 820–822.
33 D. N. Levine. Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000).
34 L. Van Dorp et al. “Evidence for a Common Origin of Blacksmiths and Cultivators in the Ethiopian Ari Within the Last 4500 Years: Lessons for Clustering-Based Inference”, PLoS Genetics 11 (2015): e1005397.
35 D. Reich et al. “Reconstructing Indian Population History”, Nature 461 (2009): 489–494.
36 Skoglund et al. “Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure”.
37 Там же.
38 Там же.
39 J. K. Pickrell et al. “The Genetic Prehistory of Southern Africa”, Nature Communications 3 (2012): 1143; C. M. Schlebusch et al. “Genomic Variation in Seven Khoe-San Groups Reveals Adaptation and Complex African History”, Science 338 (2012): 374–379; Mallick et al. “Simons Genome Diversity Project”.
40 M. E. Prendergast et al. “Continental Island Formation and the Archaeology of Defaunation on Zanzibar, Eastern Africa”, PLoS One 11 (2016): e0149565.
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