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13. Brian Wansink, Koert van Ittersum, and James E. Painter, “Ice Cream Illusions: Bowls, Spoons, and Self-Served Portion Sizes”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine 31, no. 3 (2006): 240-43.

14. Ellen van Kleef, Christos Kawouris, and Hans С. M. van Trijp, “The Unit Size Effect of Indulgent Food: How Eating Smaller Sized Items Signals Impulsivity and Makes Consumers Eat Less”, Psychology & Health 29, no. 9 (September 2014): 1081-1103, doi: 10.1080/08870 446.2014.909426.

15. Brian Wansink, James E. Painter, and Jill North, “Bottomless Bowls: Why Visual Cues of Portion Size May Influence Intake”, Obesity Research 13, no. 1 (January 2005): 93-100, doi:10.1038/oby.2005.12.

16. Там же.

17. В. Wansink and К. Van Ittersum, “Illusive Consumption Behavior and the DelBoeuf Illusion: Are the Eyes Really Bigger than the Stomach?”, Annual Review of Nutrition 24 (2004): 455-79.

18. Wansink, Painter, and North, “Bottomless Bowls”.

19. Piernas and Popkin, “Increased Portion Sizes from Energy-Dense Foods Affect Total Energy Intake at Eating Occasions in US Children and Adolescents”.

20. Frank McIntyre, “U.S. Companies Shrink Packages as Food Prices Rise”, Daily Finance, 2011, http://www.dailyfinance.com/2011/04/04/u-s-companies-shrink-packages-as-food-prices-rise/.

21. “Saving on Toilet Paper” , OccupiedLife.com, 2011, http://occupiedlife. com/saving-on-toilet-paper/; Peggy Wang, “46 Penny-Pinching Ways to Save a Lot of Money This Year,” Buzzfeed.com, 2013, http://www.buzzfeed. com/peggy/46-penny-pinching-ways-to-save-a-lot-of-money-this.

22. Keith Hawton et al., “Long Term Effect of Reduced Pack Sizes of Paracetamol on Poisoning Deaths and Liver Transplant Activity in England and Wales: Interrupted Time Series Analyses”, BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 346 (January 2013): f403; K. Hawton, “Effects of Legislation Restricting Pack Sizes of Paracetamol and Salicylate on Self Poisoning in the United Kingdom: Before and After Study”, BMJ 322, no. 7296 (May 19, 2001): 1203, doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7296.1203.

23. Josje Maas et al., “Do Distant Foods Decrease Intake? The Effect of Food Accessibility on Consumption”, Psychology & Health 27, Suppl. 2 (October 2012): 59-73, doi: 10.1080/08870446.2011.565341. См. также: Gregory J. Privitera and Far is M. Zuraikat, “Proximity of Foods in a Competitive Food Environment Influences Consumption of a Low Calorie and a High Calorie Food”, Appetite 76 (May 2014): 175-79, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.004.

24. Maas et al., “Do Distant Foods Decrease Intake?”.

25. Paul Rozin et al., “Nudge to Nobesity I: Minor Changes in Accessibility Decrease Food Intake”, Judgment and Decision Making 6, no. 4 (2011): 323-32.

26. Насколько я знаю, никто не проводил подобный эксперимент, поэтому это только предположение.

27. См., например: Frances Martel, “Jon Stewart Rails Against Bloomberg’s ‘Draconian’ Soda Ban with Piles of Gross ‘Legal’ Food”, Mediaite. com, 2012, http://www.mediaite.com/tv/jon-stewart-rails-against-bloombergs-draconian-soda-ban-with-piles-of-gross-legal-food/.

28. Cecilia Kang, “Google Crunches Data on Munching in Office”, Washington Post, September 1, 2013. См. также: В. Wansink, J. E. Painter, and Y. K. Lee, “The Office Candy Dish: Proximity’s Influence on Estimated and Actual Consumption”, International Journal of Obesity 30, no. 5 (May 17, 2006): 871-75, doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803217; James E. Painter, Brian Wansink, and Julie B. Hieggelke, “How Visibility and Convenience Influence Candy Consumption”, Appetite 38, no. 3 (June 2002): 237-38, doi:10.1006/appe.2002.0485.

29. Carol E. Cornell, Judith Rodin, and Harvey Weingarten, “Stimulus-Induced Eating When Satiated”, Physiology & Behavior 45, no. 4 (1989): 695-704.

30. Если хотите вдохновиться на подобное, то существует видео, в котором повар и писательница Тамар Адлер за один раз моет и поджаривает огромное количество овощей, а потом кладет их в банки и убирает в холодильник, чтобы в течение недели съесть в сыром виде или пустить в готовку (лучше увидеть это своими глазами). Tamar Е. Adler, “How to Stride Ahead: Part 2”,Tamareadler. com, 2011, http://www.tamareadler.com/2011/10/10/how-to-stride-ahead-part-2/.

31. Имеются в виду Джо Редден, Зата Викерс, Марла Рейке и Элтон Майкерези, а также аспиранты: Стефания Элсберндт и Никки Миллер.

32. Подробнее об этих экспериментах см.: Joseph Р. Redden et al., “The Effect of Juxtaposition on the Intake of Healthy Foods” (n.d.).

ГЛАВА 7. КАК ЗАСТАВИТЬ ДРУЗЕЙ ИГНОРИРОВАТЬ ПЕЧЕНЬЕ

1. Solomon Е. Asch, “Studies of Independence and Conformity:

I. A Minority of One against a Unanimous Majority”, Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 70, no. 9 (1956) 1-70.

2. Эксперимент воспроизводился более 100 раз в 17 разных странах. Подробнее см.: Rod Bond and Peter В. Smith, “Culture and Conformity: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Using Asch’s (1952b, 1956) Line Judgment Task”, Psychological Bulletin 119, no. 1 (1996): 111-37.

3. M. Sherif, “The Psychology of Social Norms” (Oxford, England: Harper, 1936).

4. Paul Rozin, “The Integration of Biological, Social, Cultural and Psychological Influences on Food Choice”, in “The Psychology of Food

Choice”, ed. Richard Shepherd and Monique Raats (Oxfordshire, England: CABI, 2006), 19^10.

5. John M. de Castro and E. Marie Brewer, “The Amount Eaten in Meals by Humans Is a Power Function of the Number of People Present”, Physiology & Behavior 51, no. 1 (1992): 121-25.

6. Там же; A. Ward and T. Mann, “Don’t Mind If I Do: Disinhibited Eating Under Cognitive Load”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78, no. 4 (April 2000): 753-63.

7. Vanessa I. Clendenen, C. Peter Herman, and Janet Polivy, “Social Facilitation of Eating among Friends and Strangers”, Appetite 23, no. 1 (1994): 1-13; Sarah-Jeanne Salvy et al., “Effects of Social Influence on Eating in Couples, Friends and Strangers”, Appetite 49, no. 1 (July 2007): 92-99, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.12.004.

8. De Castro and Brewer, “The Amount Eaten in Meals by Humans Is a Power Function of the Number of People Present”.

9. Maryhope Howland, Jeffrey M. Hunger, and Traci Mann, “Friends Don’t Let Friends Eat Cookies: Effects of Restrictive Eating Norms on Consumption among Friends”, Appetite 59, no. 2 (October 2012): 505-9, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.020.

10. Leon Festinger, “A Theory of Social Comparison Processes”, Human Relations 7, no. 2 (1954): 117-40.