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[92] Boudreau K. Open Platform Strategies and Innovation: Granting Access Versus Devolving Control // Management Science. 2010. Vol. 56. No. 10. Pp. 1849–1872.

[93] Hagiu A., Lee R. S. Exclusivity and Control // Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. 2011. Fall. Vol. 20. No. 3. Pp. 679–708.

[94] West J. How Open Is Open Enough? Melding Proprietary and Open Source Platform Strategies // Research Policy. 2003. Vol. 32. No. 7. Pp. 1259–1285; Chesbrough H. W. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiing from Technology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2006.

[95] Gillette F. The Rise and Inglorious Fall of MySpace // Businessweek. 2011. June 22.

[96] Simon, The Age of the Platform.

[97] Rampell C. Widgets Become Coins of the Social Realm // Washington Post. 2011. November 3. D01.

[98] Huang P., Ceccagnoli M., Forman C., Wu D. J. Appropriability Mechanisms and the Platform Partnership Decision: Evidence from Enterprise Software // Management Science. 2013. Vol. 59. No. 1. Pp. 102–121.

[99] Eisenmann T. R. Managing Proprietary and Shared Platforms // California Management Review. 2008. Vol. 50. No. 4. Pp. 31–53.

[100] Eisenmann, Parker, and Van Alstyne, Opening Platforms.

[101] Сегодня «новый технологический стандарт» и «долгосрочность» — далеко не связанные друг с другом вещи, стандарты меняются чуть ли не чаще раза в год (см. USB). В интернете это еще заметнее. Прим. науч. ред.

[102] Android and iOS Squeeze the Competition, Swelling to 96.3 % of the Smartphone Operating System Market for Both 4Q14 and CY14, According to IDC, press release. International Data Corporation. 2015. February 24.

[103] Информация не соответствует действительности. Прим. науч. ред.

[104] Rosoff M. Should Google Ditch Android Open Source? // Business Insider. 2015. April 10 // http://www.businessinsider.com/google‑should‑ditch‑android‑open‑source‑2015‑4; Amadeo R. Google’s Iron Grip on Android — Controlling Open Source By Any Means Necessary // Arstechnica. 2013. October 20 // http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles‑iron‑grip‑on‑android‑controlling‑open‑source‑by‑any‑means‑necessary/.

[105] Basole R., Evans P. Decoding the API Economy with Visual Analytics Using Programmable Web Data. Center for Global Enterprise, September 2015 // http://thecge.net/decoding‑the‑api‑economy‑with‑visual‑analytics/.

[106] Pettypiece S. Amazon Passes Wal‑Mart as Biggest Retailer by Market Cap // BloombergBusiness. 2015. July 23 // http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015‑07‑23/amazon‑surpasses‑wal‑mart‑as‑biggest‑retailer‑by‑market‑value.

[107] Iyer B., Subramaniam M. The Strategic Value of APIs // Harvard Business Review. 2015. January 7 // https://hbr.org/2015/01/the‑strategic‑value‑of‑apis.

[108] Duhigg C. How Companies Learn Your Secrets // New York Times. 2012. February 16 // http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/magazine/shopping‑habits.html?pagewanted=all.

[109] Roush W. The Story of Siri, from Birth at SRI to Acquisition by Apple — Virtual Personal Assistants Go Mobile // xconomy. 2010. June 14 // http://www.xconomy.com/san‑francisco/2010/06/14/the‑story‑of‑siri‑from‑birth‑at‑sri‑to‑acquisition‑by‑apple‑virtual‑personal‑assistants‑go‑mobile/?single_page=true.

[110] A letter from Tim Cook on Maps, Apple // http://www.apple.com.

[111] Речь об англоязычной Википедии. В русскоязычной такого списка нет, есть страница «Википедия: спорные статьи» (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Википедия: Спорные_статьи). Прим. ред.

[112] Здесь авторы не совсем правы. Если оценивать успех в деньгах, то Apple, сокращая долю, все эти годы наращивала прибыль. Первый спад был зафиксирован только в 2016 году. Прим. науч. ред.

[113] Amadeo, Google’s Iron Grip on Android.

[114] Dzieza J. Keurig’s Attempt to DRM Its Coffee Cups Totally Backfired // The Verge. 2015. February 5 // http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/5/7986327/keurigs‑attempt‑to‑drm‑its‑coffee‑cups‑totally‑backfied.

[115] Parker G. G., Van Alstyne M. Innovation, Openness and Platform Control, October 3, 2014 // http://ssrn.com/abstract=1079712.

[116] Tiwana, Platform Ecosystems; Yoo Y., Boland R. J., Lyytinen K., Majchrzak A. Organizing for Innovation in the Digitized World // Organization Science. 2012. Vol. 23. No. 15. Pp. 1398–1408.

[117] Raphael J. R. Facebook Privacy: Secrets Unveiled // PCWorld. 2010. May 16 // http://www.pcworld.com/article/196410/Facebook_Privacy_Secrets_Unveiled.html.

[118] McCarty B. LinkedIn Lockout and the State of CRM // Full Contact. 2014. March 28 // https://www.fullcontact.com/blog/linkedin‑state‑of‑crm‑2014/.

[119] Tiku N., Newton C. Twitter CEO: ‘We Suck at Dealing with Abuse’ // The Verge. 2015. February 4 // http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/4/7982099/twitter‑ceo‑sent‑memo‑taking‑personal‑responsibility‑for‑the.