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account of the tracks and footmarks of animals found impressed on sandstone in the quarry of Corncockle Muir, in Dumfriesshire. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 11: 194–209.

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7 Там же.

8 Cope, E. D. 1878. Descriptions of Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian Formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 505–530.

9 Mayor, A. 2005. Fossil Legends of the First Americans. Princeton University Press, Princeton: pp. 195–198.

1 °Cope, E. D. 1886. The long-spined Theromorpha of the Permian epoch. The American Naturalist 20: 544–545.

11 Там же.

12 Haack, S. C. 1986. A thermal model of the sailback pelycosaur. Paleobiology 12: 450–458.

13 Bennett, S. C. 1996. Aerodynamics and thermoregulatory function of the dorsal sail of Edaphosaurus. Paleobiology 22: 496–506.

14 Huttenlocker, A. K., Mazierski, D. & Reisz, R. R. 2011. Comparative osteohistology of hyperelongate neural spines in the Edaphosauridae (Amniota: Synapsida). Palaeontology 54: 573–590.

15 Bailey, J. B. 1997. Neural spine elongation in dinosaurs: sailbacks or buffalobacks? Journal of Paleontology 71: 1124–1146.

16 Rega, E. A., Noriega, K., Sumida, S. S., Huttenlocker, A., Lee, A. & Kennedy, B. 2012. Healed fractures in the neural spines of an associated skeleton of Dimetrodon: implications for dorsal sail morphology and function. Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences 5: 104–111.

17 Darwin, C. 1859. On the Origin of Species (1st edition). John Murray, London: p. 88.

18 Cooper, N., Bond, A. L., Davis, J. L., Portela Miguez, R., Tomsett, L. & Helgen, K. M. 2019. Sex biases in bird and mammal natural history collections. Proceedings of the Royal Society B286: 20192025.

19 Cope, E. D. 1880. Second contribution to the history of the Vertebrata of the Permian formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19: 38–58.

2 °Clauss, M., Frey, R., Kiefer, B., Lechner-Doll, M., Loehlein, W., Polster, C., Rössner, G. E. & Streich, W. J. 2003. The maximum attainable body size of herbivorous mammals: morphophysiological constraints on foregut, and adaptations of hindgut fermenters. Oecologia 136: 14–27.

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1 Barghusen, H. R. 1975. A Review of Fighting Adaptations in Dinocephalians (Reptilia, Therapsida). Paleobiology 1: 295–311.

2 Randau, M., Carbone, C. & Turvey, S.T. 2013. Canine evolution in sabretoothed carnivores: natural selection or sexual selection? PLOS One 8: e72868.

3 Cisneros, J. C., Abdala, F., Rubidge, B. S., Dentzien-Dias, P. C. & de Oliveira Bueno, A. 2011. Dental occlusion in a 260-million-year-old therapsid with saber canines from the Permian of Brazil. Science 331: 1603–1605.

4 Cisneros, J. C., Abdala, F., Jashashvili, T., de Oliveira Bueno, A. & DentzienDias, P. 2015. Tiarajudens eccentricus and Anomocephalus africanus, two bizarre anomodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) with dental occlusion from the Permian of Gondwana. Royal Society Open Science 2: 150090.

5 Froebisch, J. & Reisz, R. R. 2011. The postcranial anatomy of Suminia getmanovi (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the earliest known arboreal tetrapod. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162: 661–698.

6 Ford, D. P. & Benson, R. B. 2020. The phylogeny of early amniotes and the affinities of Parareptilia and Varanopidae. Nature Ecology & Evolution 4: 57–65.

7 Chinsamy-Turan, A. 2012. Forerunners of Mammals. Indiana University Press, Bloomington: p. 281.

8 Ireland, A., Maden-Wilkinson, T., McPhee, J., Cooke, K., Narici, M., Degens, H. & Rittweger, J. 2013. Upper limb muscle-bone asymmetries and bone adaptation in elite youth tennis players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 45.

9 Macintosh, A. A., Pinhasi, R. & Stock, J. T. 2017. Prehistoric women’s manual labor exceeded that of athletes through the first 5500 years of farming in Central Europe. Science Advances 3: eaao3893.

10 Montes, L., Le Roy, N., Perret, M., De Buffrenil, V., Castanet, J. & Cubo, J., 2007. Relationships between bone growth rate, body mass and resting metabolic rate in growing amniotes: a phylogenetic approach. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 63–76.

11 Rey, K., Amiot, R., Fourel, F., Abdala, F., Fluteau, F., Jalil, N. E., Liu, J., Rubidge, B. S., Smith, R. M., Steyer, J. S. & Viglietti, P. A. 2017. Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades. Elife 6: e28589.

12 Betts, H. C., Puttick, M. N., Clark, J. W., Williams, T. A., Donoghue, P. C. & Pisani, D. 2018. Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life’s early evolution and eukaryote origin. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2: 1556–1562.

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1 Цитата из журнала The Economist, Фариш Дженкинс. 17 ноября 2012: 98.

2 В 2019 году Скала возглавил список самых высокооплачиваемых актеров мира по версии Forbes, в который также входят пятеро актеров из Кинематографической вселенной Marvel. Business Insider.

3 Stanley, S. M. 2016. Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113: 6325 – E6334.

4 Masaitis, V. L. 1983. Permian and Triassic volcanism of Siberia. Zapiski VMO 4: 412–425.

5 McElwain, J. C. 2018. Paleobotany and global change: Important lessons for species to biomes from vegetation responses to past global change. Annual Review of Plant Biology 69: 761–787.

6 Stanley, S. M. 2016. Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113: 6325–6334.

7 Sciscio, L., de Kock, M., Bordy, E. & Knoll, F. 2017. Magnetostratigraphy across the Triassic – Jurassic boundary in the main Karoo Basin. Gondwana Research 51: 177–192.

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1 Jones, K. E., Angielczyk, K. D. & Pierce, S. E. 2019. Stepwise shifts underlie evolutionary trends in morphological complexity of the mammalian vertebral column. Nature Communications 10: 5071.

2 Jones, K. E., Angielczyk, K. D., Polly, P. D., Head, J. J., Fernandez, V., Lungmus, J. K., Tulga, S. & Pierce, S. E. 2018. Fossils reveal the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian regionalized spine. Science 361: