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4. Jason E. Lewis et al., “The Mismeasure of Science: Stephen Jay Gould Versus Samuel George Morton on Skulls and Bias,” PLoS Biology 9, no. 6 (June 7, 2011), www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001071.

5. Hofstadter, Social Darwinism, xvi.

6. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2d ed. (New York: Appleton, 1898), 136.

7. Nicholas Wright Gillham, A Life of Sir Francis Galton: From African Exploration to the Birth of Eugenics(New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 166.

8. Там же, с. 357.

9. Edwin Black, War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003), 37.

10. Там же, с. 45–47.

11. Там же, с. 90.

12. Daniel J. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity (New York: Knopf, 1985), 69.

13. Black, War Against the Weak, 87.

14. Там же, с. 99.

15. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics, 81.

16. Там же, с. 106.

17. Black, War Against the Weak, 123.

18. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics, 97.

19. Black, War Against the Weak, 393.

20. Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race; or, The Racial Basis of European History, 4th ed. (New York: Charles Scribner, 1932), 170.

21. Там же, с. 263.

22. Jonathan P. Spiro, Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics and the Legacy of Madison Grant(Burlington: University of Vermont Press, 2009), 375.

23. Black, War Against the Weak, 100.

24. Там же, с. 259.

25. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics, 117.

26. Там же, с. 118.

27. Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985, student edition), 31.

28. Yvonne Sherratt, Hitler’s Philosophers (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013), 60.

Глава 3. Истоки социальности человека

1. Bernard Chapais, Primeval Kinship: How Pair–Bonding Gave Birth to Human Society, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008), 4.

2. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2d ed. (New York: Appleton, 1898), 131.

3. Michael Tomasello, Why We Cooperate (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), 27.

4. Там же, с. 23.

5. Там же, с. 7.

6. Esther Herrmann et al., “Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis,” Science 317, no. 5843 (Sept. 7, 2007): 1360–66.

7. Michael Tomasello and Malinda Carpenter, “Shared Intentionality,” Developmental Science 10, no. 1 (2007): 121–25.

8. Cade McCall and Tania Singer, “The Animal and Human Neuroendocrinology of Social Cognition, Motivation and Behavior,” Nature Neuroscience 15 (2012): 681–88.

9. Carsten K. W. De Dreu et al., “Oxytocin Promotes Human Ethnocentrism,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 4 (Jan. 25, 2011), 1262–66.

10. David H. Skuse et al., “Common Polymorphism in the Oxitocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) Is Associated With Human Recognition Skills,” Proceedings of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences (December 23, 2013).

11. Reviewed in Zoe R. Donaldson and Larry J. Young, “Oxytocin, Vasopressin and the Neurogenesis of Sociality,” Science 322, no. 5903 (Nov. 7, 2008): 900–904.

12. Nicholas Wade, “Nice Rats, Nasty Rats: Maybe It’s All in the Genes,” New York Times, July 25, 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/07/25/health/25rats.html? pagewanted=all&_r=0 (accessed Sept. 25, 2013).

13. Robert R. H. Anholt and Trudy F. C. Mackay, “Genetics of Aggression,” Annual Reviews of Genetics 46 (2012): 145–64.

14. Guang Guo et al., “The VNTR 2 Repeat in MAOA and Delinquent Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Associations and MAOA Promoter Activity,” European Journal of Human Genetics 16 (2008): 624–34.

15. Yoav Gilad et al., “Evidence for Positive Selection and Population Structure at the Human MAO-A Gene,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, no. 2 (Jan. 22, 2002): 862–67.

16. Kevin M. Beaver et al., “Exploring the Association Between the 2-Repeat Allele of the MAOA Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Psychopathic Personality Traits, Arrests, Incarceration, and Lifetime Antisocial Behavior,” Personality and Individual Differences 54, no. 2 (Jan. 2013): 164–68.

17. Laura Bevilacqua et al., “A Population–Specific HTR2B Stop Codon Predisposes to Severe Impulsivity,” Nature 468, no. 7327 (Dec. 23, 2010): 1061–66.

18. Edward O. Wilson, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1975), 547–75.

19. Edward O. Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978), 167.

20. Sarah A. Tishkoff et al, “Convergent Adaptation of Human Lactase Persistence in Africa and Europe,” Nature Genetics 39, no. 1 (Jan. 2007): 31–40.

21. Hillard S. Kaplan, Paul L. Hooper, and Michael Gurven, “The Evolutionary and Sociological Roots of Human Social Organization,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Science 364, no. 1533 (Nov. 12, 2009): 3289–99.

Глава 4. Человеческий эксперимент

1. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2d ed. (New York: Appleton, 1898), 171.

2. Ian Tattersall and Rob DeSalle Race? Debunking a Scientific Myth (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2011).

3. J. Craig Venter, A Life Decoded: My Genome, My Life (New York: Penguin Books, 2008).

4. Jared Diamond, “Race Without Color,” Discover, Nov. 1994.

5. Francis S. Collins and Monique K. Mansoura, “The Human Genome Project: Revealing the Shared Inheritance of All Humankind,” Cancer supplement, Jan. 2001.

6. Jerry A. Coyne, “Are There Human Races?” Why Evolution Is True, http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2012/02/28/are–there–human–races.

7. Ashley Montagu, Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race, 6th ed. (Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press/Rowman & Littlefield, 1997), 41.

8. Там же, с. 47.

9. Norman J. Sauer, “Forensic Anthropology and the Concept of Race: If Races Don’t Exist, Why Are Forensic Anthropologists So Good at Identifying Them?” Social Science and Medicine 34, no. 2 (Jan. 1992): 107–11.

10. Winthrop D. Jordan, The White Man’s Burden: Historical Origins of Racism in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), xi — xii.