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Press, 1999).

78

Public Policy Polling (2013), “Congress Somewhere Below Cockroaches, Traffic Jams, and Nickelback in Americans’ Esteem”; http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_Natl_010813_.pdf (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

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Ballotpedia (2016), “US House: Post-Election Partisan Control”; http://ballotpedia.org/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2016 (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

80

Rick Pearson. “Federal Court Upholds Illinois Congressional Map”, Chicago Tribune, 16 December 2011; доступно по адресу http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011–12–16/news/ct-met-congress-mapcourt-20111216_1_congressional-map-earmuff-shaped-new-map (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

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Нижняя палата Конгресса США. Каждый штат в ней представлен пропорционально численности населения. – Прим. ред.

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Jowei Chen and David Cottrell. “Evaluating Partisan Gains from Congressional Gerrymandering: Using Computer Simulations to Estimate the Effect of Gerrymandering in the US House”, Electoral Studies 44 (2016): 329–30.

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Jowei Chen and Jonathon Rodden. “Unintentional Gerrymandering: Political Geography and Electoral Bias in Legislatures”, Quarterly Journal of Political Science 8, no. 3 (2013) 239–69.

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Laura Royden and Michael Li. “Extreme Maps”, Brennan Center for Justice, 9 May 2017; http://www.brennancenter.org/publication/extreme-maps (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

85

Ballotpedia (2016), “US House”.

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Ballotpedia (2016), “US House”.

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Внутрипартийные выборы (предварительное голосование) – выборы единого кандидата от политической партии. Победитель внутрипартийных выборов затем соревнуется с кандидатами от других партий в ходе основных выборов. – Прим. ред.

88

Eliza Mackintosh. “Zimbabwe’s Military Takeover was the World’s Strangest Coup”, CNN, 21 November 2017; http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/20/africa/zimbabwe-military-takeover-strangest-coup/index.html (дата обращения – 15 декабря 2017).

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Большинство почетных званий и британских рыцарских статусов с тех пор было отозвано. См.: Howard W. French. “Mugabe Wins Anti-Hunger Prize”, New York Times, 16 September 1998; http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/16/world/mugabe-wins-anti-hunger-prize.html (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

90

Nic Cheeseman and Blessing-Miles Tendi. “Power-sharing in Comparative Perspective: The Dynamics of Unity ‘Government’ in Kenya and Zimbabwe”, Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 2 (2010) 203–29.

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Brian Raftopoulos. “Reflections on the Opposition in Zimbabwe: The Politics of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)” // Ranka Primorac and Stephen Chan (eds). Zimbabwe in Crisis: The International Response and the Space of Silence (London, New York: Routledge, 2007): 125–48.

92

Dingilizwe Mathe. “Zimbabwe: The Art of Gerrymandering”, AfrikNews, 22 March 2008.

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Dingilizwe Mathe. “Zimbabwe: The Art of Gerrymandering”, AfrikNews, 22 March 2008.

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Richard Snyder and David J. Samuels. “Legislative Malapportionment in Latin America” // Edward L. Gibson (ed.). Federalism and Democracy in Latin America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004): 131–72.

95

ACE Electoral Knowledge Network (2012), “The ACE Encyclopaedia: Boundary Delimitation”.

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Количество президентских систем по миру см.: Chaisty, Cheeseman and Power (2018), Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective, вступление.

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Michael J. Klarman. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality (Oxford University Press, 2004): 53.

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Steve Annear. “Even Harvard Students Failed the 1964 Louisiana Literacy Test”, Boston Magazine, 7 November 2017.

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См.: Thom File. “The Diversifying Electorate: Voting Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin in 2012 (and Other Recent Elections)”, United States Census Bureau; доступно по адресу http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p20–568.pdf (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017); William H. Frey. “Minority Turnout Determined the 2012 Election”, Brookings Institute, 2013.

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Jens Manuel Krogstad and Mark Hugo Lopez. “Hillary Clinton Won Latino Vote but Fell Below 2012 Support for Obama”, Pew Research, 2016; http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/29/hillary-clinton-wins-latino-vote-but-falls-below-2012-support-for-obama (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

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Jordan Lebeau. “A State by State Guide to Voter Restriction Laws”, Forbes, 7 November 2016; см. также: Keith G. Bentele and Erin E. O’Brien. “Jim Crow 2.0? Why States Consider and Adopt Restrictive Voter Access Policies”, Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 4 (2016) 1088–116.

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North Carolina State Board of Elections (2017), Post-election Audit Report.

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Zoltan Hajnal, Nazita Lajevardi and Lindsay Nielson. “Voter Identification Laws and the Suppression of Minority Votes”, The Journal of Politics 79, no. 2 (2017): 369.

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Christina A. Cassidy and Ivan Moreno. “Wisconsin Voter ID Law Proved Insurmountable for Many”, Associated Press, 14 May 2017; http://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/14/wisconsin-voter-id-law-proved-insurmountable-many/321680001 (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017). См. также: Ari Berman. “Rigged: How Voter Suppression Threw Wisconsin to Trump”, Mother Jones, November/December 2017; http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/10/voter-suppression-wisconsin-election-2016 (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

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Astrid Evrensel (ed.). Voter Registration in Africa: A Comparative Analysis (Johannesburg: EISA, 2010).

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Wanjohi Githae. “Kenya: ODM Cries Foul Over Voter Registration but Minister Denies Bias Claims”, Daily Nation, 9 October 2016; http://allafrica.com/stories/201610090307.html (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

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“Zanu PF in ‘Forced’ Voter Registration”, Daily News, 6 March 2017; более свежие проблемы – см.: Maxwell Sibanda. “BVR not the Panacea to Zim’s Electoral Challenges”, Daily News, 18 July 2017.

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Bridget Mananavire. “Thousands of Under-5s have no Birth Certificates”, Daily News, 13 December 2015; https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2015/12/12/thousands-of-under-5s-have-no-birth-certificates (дата обращения – 11 ноября 2017).

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“No Maternity Fees, no Birth Record: is This Legal?”, Zimbabwean, 9 October 2015.

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“Mudede Dismisses Politics in Birth Certificate Registration”, Sunday News Online, 23 July 2017; http://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/zimsit-m-mudede-dismisses-politics-in-birth-certificate-registration/ (дата обращения – 17 декабря 2017).

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Ник Чизман, интервью с бывшим чиновником ZANU-PF, Хараре, Зимбабве, июль 2017.

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Ник Чизман, интервью с бывшим чиновником ZANU-PF, Хараре, Зимбабве, июль 2017.