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93 Huang, L., Chen, Q., Zhao, Y., Wang, W., Fang, F., and Bao, Y (2015). ‘Is elective caesarean section associated with a higher risk of asthma? A meta-analyses’, Journal of Asthma, Vol. 52(1), pp.16–25, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162303

94 Cardwell, C.R., Stene, L.C., Joner, G., Cinek, O., Svensson, J., Goldacre, M.J., Parslow, R.C. et al (2008), ‘Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies’, Diabetologia, Vol. 51(5), pp726–35. link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-008-0941-z

95 Darmasseelane, K., Hyde, M.J., Santhakumaran, S., Gale, C., and Modi, N. (2014) ‘Mode of Delivery and Offspring Body Mass Index, Overweight and Obesity in Adult Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, PLoS ONE 9(2): e87896. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087896; journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=79068.1371/journal.pone.0087896

96 Research in Germany published in 2010 found 28 % of coeliac children were born by C-section compared with a maximum C-section rate of 19 % in all the other groups. Decker, E., Engelmann, G., Findeisen, A., Gerner, P., Laass, M., Ney, D., et al. (2010), ‘Cesarean delivery is associated with celiac disease but not inflammatory bowel disease in children’, Pediatrics, Vol, 125(6), pp.e1433–40, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478942

97 Asthma UK, ‘Asthma and other conditions’, www.asthma.org.uk/advice/manage-your-asthma/other-conditions

98 Santillan, A.A, Camargo, C.A. Jr, Colditz, G.A. (2003), ‘A meta-analysis of asthma and risk of lung cancer (United States)’, Cancer Causes Control Vol. 14(4), pp.327–34, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12846363

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99 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‘CDC global noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)’, www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ healthprotection/ncd

100 World Health Organization (2015), ‘Fact sheet: noncommunicable diseases’, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en

101 United Nations. 2011 high level meeting on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, www.un.org/en/ga/ncdmeeting2011

102 World Economic Forum (2011), ‘The global economic burden of non- communicable diseases’, 18 September, www.weforum.org/reports/global- economic-burden-non-communicable-diseases

103 Reuters article www.reuters.com/article/us-disease-chronic-costs- idUSTRE78H2IY20110918 based on World Economic Forum (2011), ‘The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases’, 18 September, www.weforum.org/reports/global-economic-burden-non-communicable-diseases

104 World Health Organization (2005), ‘World Health Assembly adopts new international health regulations: new rules govern national and international response to disease outbreaks’ (press release), 23 May, www. who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr_wha03/en

105 Davies, S.E. (2013), ‘National security and pandemics’ UN Chronicle Vol. L(2), August, unchronicle.un.org/article/national-security-and- pandemics/

106 Shabecoff, P. (1988), Global warming has begun, expert tells senate, The New York Times, 24 June, www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html

107 Goldberg, S. (2015), ‘US Senate refuses to accept humanity’s role in global climate change, again’, The Guardian, 22 January, www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/22/us-senate-man-climate-change-global-warming-hoax