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75. Brown, 1985; Horowitz, 2001.

76. Daly & Wilson, 1988.

77. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Fox &Zawitz, 2000; Nisbett& Cohen, 1996.

78. Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 127.

79. Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 229.

80. Chagnon, 1992; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Frank, 1988.

81. Nisbett& Cohen, 1996.

82. Nisbett&Cohen, 1996.

83. E. Anderson, "The code of the streets," Atlantic Monthly, May 1994, pp. 81–94.

84. See also Patterson, 1997.

85. E. Anderson, "The code of the streets," Atlantic Monthly, May 1994, pp. 81–94, quotation from p. 82.

86. Quoted in L. Helmuth, "Has America's tide of violence receded for good?" Science, 289, 2000, pp. 582–585, quotation from p. 582.

87. L. Helmuth, "Has America's tide of violence receded for good?" Science, 289, 2000, pp. 582–585, quotation from p. 583.

88. Wilkinson, 2000; Wilson & Daly, 1997.

89. Harris, 1998a, pp. 212–213.

90. Hobbes, 1651/1957, p. 190.

91. Hobbes, 1651/1957, p. 223.

92. Fry, 2000.

93. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Keeley, 1996.

94. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Nisbett & Cohen, 1996.

95. Daly & Wilson, 1988.

96. Daly & Wilson, 1988.

97. Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985.

98. L. Helmuth, "Has America's tide of violence receded for good?" Science, 289, 2000; Kelling& Sousa, 2001.

99. Time, October 17, 1969, p. 47.

100. Kennedy, 1997.

101. National Defense Council Foundation, Alexandria, Va., www.ndcf.org/index.htm.

102. Quoted by Glover, 1999, p. 227.

103. Horowitz, 2001; Keegan, 1976.

104. C. Nickerson, "Canadians remain gun-shy of Americans," Boston Globe, February 11, 2001.

105. Quoted in Wright, 2000, p. 61.

106. Chagnon, 1988; Chagnon, 1992.

107. Axelrod, 1984.

108. Glover, 1999, p. 159.

109. Glover, 1999, p. 202.

110. Axelrod, 1984; Ridley, 1997.

111. Glover, 1999, pp. 231–232.

112. M. J. Wilkinson, в личном разговоре, October 29, 2001; Wilkinson, in press.

113. See Chapters 3 and 13, and also Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1988; Miller, Galanter, & Pribram, 1960; Pinker, 1997, chap. 2; Pinker, 1999, chap. 1.

Глава 18. Гендер

1. Jaggar, 1983.

2. Quoted in Jaggar, 1983, p. 27.

3. J. N. Wilford, "Sexes equal on South Sea isle," New York Times, March 29, 1994.

4. L. Tye, "Girls appear to be closing aggression gap with boys," Boston Globe, March 26, 1998.

5. M. Zoll, "What about the boys?" Boston Globe, April 23, 1998.

6. Quoted in Young, 1999, p. 247.

7. Crittenden, 1999; Shalit, 1999.

8. L. Kass, "The end of courtship," Public Interest, 126, Winter 1997.

9. Patai, 1998.

10. Grant, 1993; Jaggar, 1983; Tong, 1998.

11. Sommers, 1994. See also Jaggar, 1983.

12. Quoted in Sommers, 1994, p. 22.

13. Gilligan, 1982.

14. Jaffe & Hyde, 2000; Sommers, 1994, chap. 7; Walker, 1984.

15. Belenky et al., 1986.

16. Denfeld, 1995; Kaminer, 1990; Lehrman, 1997; McElroy, 1996; Paglia, 1992; Patai, 1998; Patai&Koertge, 1994; Sommers, 1994; Taylor, 1992; Young, 1999.

17. Sommers, 1994.

18. Denfeld, 1995; Lehrman, 1997; Roiphe, 1993; Walker, 1995.

19. S. Boxer, "One casualty of the women's movement: Feminism," New York Times, December 14, 1997.

20. C. Paglia, "Crying wolf," Salon, February 7, 2001.

21. Patai, 1998; Sommers, 1994.

22. Trivers, 1976; Trivers, 1981; Trivers, 1985.

23. Trivers& Willard, 1973.

24. Jensen, 1998, chap. 13.

25. Blum, 1997; Eagly, 1995; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.

26. Salmon & Symons, 2001; Symons, 1979.

27. Daly & Wilson, 1988. Surgery anecdote from Barry, 1995.

28. Geary, 1998; Maccoby&Jacklin, 1987.

29. Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.

30. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Hedges &Nowell, 1995; Lubinski&Benbow, 1992.

31. Hedges &Nowell, 1995; Lubinski& Ben-bow, 1992.

32. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.

33. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.

34. Provine, 1993.

35. Hrdy, 1999.

36. Fausto-Sterling, 1985, pp. 152–153.

37. Brown, 1991.

38. Buss, 1999; Geary, 1998; Ridley, 1993; Symons, 1979; Trivers, 1972.

39. Daly & Wilson, 1983; Geary, 1998; Hauser, 2000.

40. Geary, 1998; Silverman &Eals, 1992.

41. Gibbons, 2000.

42. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.

43. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Gur&Gur, in press; Gur et al., 1999; Halpern, 2000; Jensen, 1998; Kimura, 1999; Neisser et al., 1996.

44. Dabbs&Dabbs, 2000; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999; Sapolsky, 1997.

45. A. Sullivan, "Testosterone power," Women's Quarterly, Summer 2000.

46. Kimura, 1999.

47. Blum, 1997; Gangestad&Thornhill, 1998.

48. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.

49. Symons, 1979, chap. 9.

50. Reiner, 2000.

51. QuotedinHalpern, 2000, p. 9.

52. QuotedinColapinto, 2000.

53. Colapinto, 2000; Diamond&Sigmundson, 1997.

54. Skuseetal, 1997.

55. Barkley et al., 1977; Harris, 1998a; Lytton & Romney, 1991; Maccoby&Jacklin, 1987.

56. B. Friedan, "The future of feminism," Free Inquiry, Summer 1999.

57. "Land of plenty: Diversity as America's competitive edge in science, engineering, and technology," Report of the Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology Development, September 2000.

58. J. Alper, "The pipeline is leaking women all the way along," Science, 260, April 16, 1993; J. Mervis, "Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems," Science, 284, June 11, 1999; J. Mervis, "Diversity: Easier said than done," Science, 289, March 16, 2000; J. Mervis, "NSF searches for right way to help women," Science, 289, July 21, 2000; J. Mervis, "Gender equity: NSF program targets institutional change," Science, 291, July 21, 2001.