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24. S. Freud, Inhibitions Symptoms and Anxiety (1914), 150. См. также: Strachey, Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works.

25. B. A. van der Kolk, Psychological Trauma (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1986).

26. B. A. van der Kolk, “The Compulsion to Repeat the Trauma”, Psychiatric Clinics of North America 12, no. 2 (1989): 389–411.

Глава 12. Невыносимая тяжесть воспоминаний

1. A. Young, The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), 84.

2. F. W. Mott, “Special Discussion on Shell Shock Without Visible Signs of Injury”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 9 (1916): i – xliv. См. также: C. S. Myers, “A Contribution to the Study of Shell Shock”, Lancet 1 (1915): 316–20; T. W. Salmon, “The Care and Treatment of Mental Diseases and War Neuroses (‘Shell Shock’) in the British Army”, Mental Hygiene 1 (1917): 509–47; and E. Jones and S. Wessely, Shell Shock to PTSD: Military Psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf (Hove, UK: Psychology Press, 2005).

3. J. Keegan, The First World War (New York: Random House, 2011).

4. A. D. Macleod, “Shell Shock, Gordon Holmes and the Great War”. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 97, no. 2 (2004): 86–89; M. Eckstein, Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age (Boston: Houghton Mifin, 1989).

5. Lord Southborough, Report of the War Office Committee of Enquiry into “Shell-Shock” (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1922).

6. Лауреат Букеровской премии Пэт Баркер написал трогательную трилогию про работу армейского психиатра Уильяма Хэлс Риверса: P. Barker, Regeneration (London: Penguin UK, 2008); P. Barker, The Eye in the Door (New York: Penguin, 1995); P. Barker, The Ghost Road (London: Penguin UK, 2008). Дальнейшее обсуждение последствий Первой Мировой войны: A. Young, Harmony of Illusions and B. Shephard, A War of Nerves, Soldiers and Psychiatrists 1914–1994 (London: Jonathan Cape, 2000).

7. J. H. Bartlett, The Bonus March and the New Deal (1937); R. Daniels, The Bonus March: An Episode of the Great Depression (1971).

8. E. M. Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front, trans. A. W. Wheen (London: GP Putnam’s Sons, 1929).

9. Там же, стр. 192–93.

10. Рассказ можно прочитать по ссылке:

http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395007.

11. C. S. Myers, Shell Shock in France 1914–1918 (Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1940).

12. A. Kardiner, The Traumatic Neuroses of War (New York: Hoeber, 1941).

13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_There_Be_ Light_(film).

14. G. Greer and J. Oxenbould, Daddy, We Hardly Knew You (London: Penguin, 1990).

15. A. Kardiner and H. Spiegel, War Stress and Neurotic Illness (Oxford, UK: Hoeber, 1947).

16. D. J. Henderson, “Incest”, in Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 2nd ed., eds. A. M. Freedman and H. I. Kaplan (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1974), 1536.

17. W. Sargent and E. Slater, “Acute War Neuroses”, The Lancet 236, no. 6097 (1940): 1–2. См. также: G. Debenham, et al., “Treatment of War Neurosis”, The Lancet 237, no. 6126 (1941): 107–9; and W. Sargent and E. Slater, “Amnesic Syndromes in War”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine (Section of Psychiatry) 34, no. 12 (October 1941): 757–64.

18. В ходе каждого исследования воспоминаний о детском сексуальном насилии выяснялось, что определенный процент переживших сексуальное насилие людей забывали, а потом вспоминали о нем. См., например: B. A. van der Kolk and R. Fisler, “Dissociation and the Fragmentary Nature of Traumatic Memories: Overview and Exploratory Study”, Journal of Traumatic Stress 8 (1995): 505–25; J. W. Hopper and B. A. van der Kolk, “Retrieving, Assessing, and Classifying Traumatic Memories: A Preliminary Report on Tree Case Studies of a New Standardized Method”, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 4 (2001): 33–71; J. J. Freyd and A. P. DePrince, eds., Trauma and Cognitive Science (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 2001), 33–71; A. P. DePrince and J. J. Freyd, “The Meeting of Trauma and Cognitive Science: Facing Challenges and Creating Opportunities at the Crossroads”, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 4, no. 2 (2001): 1–8; D. Brown, A. W. Schefin, and D. Corydon Hammond, Memory, Trauma Treatment and the Law (New York: Norton, 1997); K. Pope and L. Brown, Recovered Memories of Abuse: Assessment, Therapy, Forensics (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1996); and L. Terr, Unchained Memories: True Stories of Traumatic Memories, Lost and Found (New York: Basic Books, 1994).

19. E. F. Loftus, S. Polonsky, and M. T. Fullilove, “Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Remembering and Repressing”, Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, no. 1 (1994): 67–84. L. M. Williams, “Recall of Childhood Trauma: A Prospective Study of Women’s Memories of Child Sexual Abuse”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62, no. 6 (1994): 1167–76.

20. L. M. Williams, “Recall of Childhood Trauma”.

21. L. M. Williams, “Recovered Memories of Abuse in Women with Documented Child Sexual Victimization Histories”, Journal of Traumatic Stress 8, no. 4 (1995): 649–73.

22. The prominent neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp states in his most recent book: “Abundant preclinical work with animal models has now shown that memories that are retrieved tend to return to their memory banks with modifcations”. J. Panksepp and L. Biven, The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotions, Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012).

23. E. F. Loftus, “The Reality of Repressed Memories”, American Psychologist 48, no. 5 (1993): 518–37. См. также: E. F. Loftus and K. Ketcham, The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse (New York: Macmillan, 1996).

24. J. F. Kihlstrom, “The Cognitive Unconscious”, Science 237, no. 4821 (1987): 1445–52.

25. E. F. Loftus, “Planting Misinformation in the Human Mind: A 30-Year Investigation of the Malleability of Memory”, Learning & Memory 12, no. 4 (2005): 361–66.

26. B. A. van der Kolk and R. Fisler, “Dissociation and the Fragmentary Nature of Traumatic Memories: Overview and Exploratory Study”, Journal of Traumatic Stress 8, no. 4 (1995): 505–25.

27. Мы подробней поговорим об этом в четырнадцатой главе.

28. L. L. Langer, Holocaust Testimonies: The Ruins of Memory (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991).