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Rekavandi, Hamid Omrani, Sauer, Eberhard, Wilkinson, Tony and Nokandeh, Jebrael: The Enigma of the Red Snake: Revealing One of the World’s Greatest Frontier Walls’ (Current World Archaeology 27, 2008).

Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.): The Qur’an in its Historical Context (Abingdon, 2008).

Rippin, Andrew: ‘Literary Analysis of Qur’an, Tafsir and Sira: The Methodologies of John Wansbrough’, in Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies, ed. Richard C. Martin (Tucson, 1985).

Ibid, (ed.): Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of the Qur’an (Oxford, 1988).

Ibid. Muslims, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (London, 1991).

Ibid. ‘Muhammad in the Qur’an: Reading Scripture in the 21st Century’, in Motzki 2000.

Ibid. The Qur’an and its Interpretative Tradition (Aldershot, 2001).

Ibid, (ed.): The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an (Oxford, 2009).

Robinson, Chase F.: Islamic Historiography (Cambridge, 2003).

Ibid. The Conquest of Khuzistan: A Historiographical Reassessment’ (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67, 2004).

Ibid. Abd al-Malik (Oxford, 2005).

Rodinson, Maxime: Mohammed, trans. Anne Carter (New York, 1971).

Rogerson, Barnaby: The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography (London, 2003) Rosen, William: Justinian’s Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe (New York, 2007).

Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam: The Early Islamic Monuments of Al-Haram Al-Sharif: An Iconographic Study (Jerusalem, 1989).

Rostovzeff, M. I.: The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1957).

Rouwhorst, Gerard: ‘Jewish Liturgical Traditions in Early Syriac Christianity’ (Vigiliae Christianae 51, 1997).

Roziewicz, M.: ‘Graeco-Islamic Elements at Kom el Dikka in the Light of New Discoveries: Remarks on Early Mediaeval Alexandria’ (Graeco Arabica 1, 1982).

Rubin, Uri: The “Constitution of Medina”: Some Notes’ (Studia Islamica 62, 1985).

Ibid. ‘Hanifiyya and Ka’ba. An Inquiry into the Arabian Pre-Islamic Background of Din Ibrahim’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 13, 1990).

Ibid. The Eye of the Beholder: The Life of Muhammad as Viewed by the Early Muslims (Princeton, 1995).

Ibid, (ed.): The Life of Muhammad (Aldershot, 1998).

Rubin, Zeev: The Mediterranean and the Dilemma of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity’ (Mediterranean Historical Review 1, 1986).

Ibid. The Reforms of Khusro Anushirwan’, in Cameron 1995.

Ruether, Rosemary Radford: ‘Judaism and Christianity: Two Fourth-Century Religions’ (Sciences Religieuses Studies in Religion 2, 1972).

Russell, James C.: The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity: A Sociohistorical Approach to Religious Transformation (Oxford, 1994).

Russell, Josiah C.: That Earlier Plague’ (Demography 5, 1968).

Rutgers, L. V.: ’Archaeological Evidence for the Interaction of Jews and Non– Jews in Antiquity’ (American Journal of Archeology 96, 1992).

Ryckmans, G.: ’Dhu ’l-Shara’ in Encyclopaedia of Islam Saadi, Abdul-Massih: ’The Letter of John of Sedreh: A New Perspective on Nascent Islam’ (Karmo 1, 1999).

Sachot, Maurice: ’Comment le Christianisme est-il devenu religio?’ (Revues des Sciences Religieuses 59, 1985).

Saleh, Walid: ’In Search of a Comprehensible Qur’an: A Survey of Some Recent Scholarly Works’ (Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies 5, 2003).

Ibid. The Etymological Fallacy and Quranic Studies: Muhammad, Paradise and Late Antiquity’ (http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Walid_Saleh.pdf).

Sand, Shlomo: The Invention of the Jewish People (London, 2009).

Sarris, Peter: Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian (Cambridge, 2006) Schacht, Joseph: ‘A Reevaluation of Islamic Tradition’ (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1949).

Ibid. The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Oxford, 1950).

Ibid. ‘Classicisme, Traditionalisme et Ankylose dans la Loi Religieuse de l’lslam’, in Classicisme et Declin Culturel dans FHistoire de ITslam, ed. Robert Brunschvig and Gustave E. von Grunebaum (Paris, 1977).

Schafer, Peter: Jesus in the Talmud (Princeton, 2007).

Schwartz, Seth: Imperialism and Jewish Society from 200 все to 640 ce (Princeton, 2001).

Scott, Roger D.: ’Malalas, the Secret History, and Justinian’s Propaganda’ (Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39, 1985).

Segal, Alan F.: Rebecca’s Children: Judaism and Christianity in the Roman World (Cambridge, Mass., 1986).

Segal, J. B.: ’Mesopotamian Communities from Julian to the Rise of Islam’ (Proceedings of the British Academy 41, 1955).

Ibid. Edessa and Harran (London, 1963).

Ibid. Edessa ’the Blessed City’ (Oxford, 1970).

Sells, Michael: Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations (Ashland, 1999) Serjeant, R. B.: The Sunnah Jami’ah, Pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib: Analysis and Translation of the Documents Comprised in the So– called «Constitution of Medina’» (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 41, 1978).

Ibid. ’Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam: Misconceptions and Flawed Polemics’ (Journal of the American Oriental Society 110, 1990).

Shahid, Irfan: The Martyrs of Najran: New Documents (Brussels, 1971).

Ibid. Rome and the Arabs: A Prolegomenon to the Study of Byzantium and the Arabs (Washington, 1984).

Ibid. Byzantium and the Semitic Orient before the Rise of Islam (London, 1988).

Ibid. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century (Washington, 1989).

Ibid. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century (2 vols) (Washington, 1995).

Shaki, Mansour: The Cosmogonical and Cosmological Teachings of Mazdak’, in Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce (Acta Iranica 24, 1985).

Shani, Raya: The Iconography of the Dome of the Rock’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 23, 1999).

Sharon, Moshe: Black Banners from the East: The Establishment of the Abbasid State (Jerusalem, 1983).

Ibid, (ed.): Pillars of Smoke and Fire: The Holy Land in History and Thought (Johannesburg, 1988).

Shoufani, Elias: Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia (Toronto, 1973).

Simon, Marcel: Verus Israel: A Study of the Relations between Christians and Jews in the Roman Empire (133–425), trans. H. McKeating (Oxford, 1986).

Simon, Robert: Ignac Goldziher: His Life and Scholarship as Reflected in his Works and Correspondence (Leiden, 1986).