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class="p">407

İhsanoğlu, The House of Sciences, xii, 2, 77.

408

Akbaş, 'The March of Military Physics – II', 91–92, Feza Günergun, 'Derviş Mehmed Emin pacha (1817–1879), serviteur de la science et de l'État ottoman', в Médecins et ingénieurs ottomans a l'age des nationalismes, ed. Méropi Anastassiadou-Dumont (Paris: L'Institut français d'études anatoliennes, 2003), 174–176 (перевод с французского мой. – Дж. П.) и George Vlahakis, Isabel Maria Malaquias, Nathan Brooks, François Regourd, Feza Günergun, and David Wright, Imperialism and Science: Social Impact and Interaction (Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 2006), 103–104.

409

Vlahakis et al., Imperialism and Science, 104–105, M. Alper Yalçinkaya, Learned Patriots: Debating Science, State, and Society in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 65 и Emre Dölen, 'Ottoman Scientific Literature during the 18th and 19th Centuries', 168–171.

410

Günergun, 'Derviş Mehmed Emin', İhsanoğlu, The House of Sciences, 23–26, Alper Yalçinkaya, Learned Patriots, 73–5 и Murat Şiviloğlu, The Emergence of Public Opinion: State and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 148–149.

411

İhsanoğlu, The House of Sciences, 28, Alper Yalçinkaya, Learned Patriots, 76 и Marwa Elshakry, 'When Science Became Western: Historiographical Reflections', Isis 101 (2010).

412

Daniel Stolz, The Lighthouse and the Observatory: Islam, Science, and Empire in Late Ottoman Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 207–242, Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870–1950 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 149–176 и James Gelvin and Nile Green, eds., Global Muslims in the Age of Steam and Print (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014).

413

Ferhat Ozcep, 'Physical Earth and Its Sciences in Istanbul: A Journey from Pre-Modern (Islamic) to Modern Times', History of Geo- and Space Sciences 11 (2020): 189.

414

Amit Bein, 'The Istanbul Earthquake of 1894 and Science in the Late Ottoman Empire', Middle Eastern Studies 44 (2008): 916 и Ozcep, 'Physical Earth', 186.

415

Bein, 'The Istanbul Earthquake of 1894' и Ozcep, 'Physical Earth'.

416

Bein, 'The Istanbul Earthquake of 1894', 920, Ozcep, 'Physical Earth', 186 и Demetrios Eginitis, 'Le tremblement de terre de Constantinople du 10 juillet 1894', Annales de géographie 15 (1895): 165 (перевод с французского мой. – Дж. П.).

417

İhsanoğlu, The House of Sciences, 86–93, 218–222 и Lâle Aka Burk, 'Fritz Arndt and His Chemistry Books in the Turkish Language', Bulletin of the History of Chemistry 28 (2003).

418

Jagadish Chandra Bose, 'Electro-Magnetic Radiation and the Polarisation of the Electric Ray', в Collected Physical Pages of Sir Jagadis Chunder Bose (London: Longmans, Green andЫ Co., 1927) и Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 1–3.

419

Bose, 'Electro-Magnetic Radiation', 77–101.

420

Там же, 100–101.

421

Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 16–28, John Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness in Bengal: 1870–1930 (New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2004), 100–101 и Deepak Kumar, 'Science in Higher Education: A Study in Victorian India', Indian Journal of History of Science 19 (1984): 253–255.

422

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 56–95 и Pratik Chakrabarti, Western Science in Modern India: Metropolitan Methods, Colonial Practices (New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2004), 157.

423

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 101 и Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 32–34.

424

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 101 и Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 43.

425

Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 51–55, 72–73 и Jagadish Chandra Bose, 'On the Rotation of Plane of Polarisation of Electric Waves by a Twisted Structure', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 63 (1898): 150–152.

426

Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 48–49 and 82, Viśvapriya Mukherji, 'Some Historical Aspects of Jagadis Chandra Bose's Microwave Research during 1895–1900', Indian Journal of History of Science 14 (1979): 97 и Jagadish Chandra Bose, 'On a Self-Recovering Coherer and the Study of the Cohering Action of Different Metals', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 65 (1900).

427

Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 56.

428

Dasgupta, Jagadis Chandra Bose, 109 и Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 115.

429

David Arnold, Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 129–134, 191, Deepak Kumar, Science and the Raj, 1857–1905 (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995), 74–179 и Aparajito Basu, 'Chemical Research in India (1876–1918)', Annals of Science 52 (1995): 592.

430

Suvobrata Sarkar, Let There be Light: Engineering, Entrepreneurship, and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880–1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), 119 и Aparajita Basu, 'The Conflict and Change-Over in Indian Chemistry', Indian Journal of History of Science 39 (2004): 337–346.

431

Arnold, Science, Technology and Medicine, 138–140, 166 и Kumar, 'Science in Higher Education', 253–255.

432

Chakrabarti, Western Science, 157–162 и Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 56–95.

433

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 144–145, David Arnold, Toxic Histories: Poison and Pollution in Modern India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 114, Priyadaranjan Ray, 'Prafulla Chandra Ray: 1861–1944', Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy 1 (1944) и Prafulla Chandra Ray, Life and Experiences of a Bengali Chemist (London: Kegan Paul, French, Trübner, 1923), 1–47.

434

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 144–145 и Ray, Life and Experiences, 50–76.

435

Ray, Life and Experiences, 112–113 и Madhumita Mazumdar, 'The Making of an Indian School of Chemistry, Calcutta, 1889–1924', в Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, c.1784–1947, ed. Uma Das Gupta (New Delhi: Pearson Longman, 2011), 806–812.

436

Ray, Life and Experiences, 113–115, Mazumdar, 'The Making of an Indian School of Chemistry', 807 и Dhruv Raina, Images and Contexts: The Historiography of Science and Modernity in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2010), 75.

437

Mazumdar, 'The Making of an Indian School of Chemistry', 807, Ray, Life and Experiences, 113–114, Arnab Rai Choudhuri and Rajinder Singh, 'The FRS Nomination of Sir Prafulla C. Ray and the Correspondence of N. R. Dhar', Notes and Records 721 (2018): 58–61 и Prafulla Chandra Ray, 'On Mercurous Nitrite', Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 65 (1896): 2–9.

438

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 143–152 and 170–172, Ray, Life and Experiences, 92–111 и Pratik Chakrabarti, 'Science and Swadeshi: The Establishment and Growth of the Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works, 1893–1947', в Gupta, ed., Science and Modern India, 117–118.

439

Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 154.

440

Ray, Life and Experiences, 104–14, Lourdusamy, Science and National Consciousness, 154, Raina, Images and Contexts, 61–72, Projit Bihari Mukharji, 'Parachemistries: Colonial Chemopolitics in a Zone of Contest', History of Science 54 (2016): 362–365, Prafulla Chandra Ray, 'Antiquity of Hindu Chemistry', в Essays and Discourses, ed. Prafulla Chandra Ray (Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co., 1918), 102, Prafulla Chandra Ray, 'The Bengali Brain and Its Misuse', в Ray, ed., Essays and Discourses, 207 и Prafulla Chandra Ray, A History